READING
Black carbon pollution
1 Look at the pictures. Match the pictures with the appropriate word or phrases.
soot diesel vehicle melting of the Arctic
Hướng dẫn:
Nhìn vào những bức tranh. Khớp những hình ảnh với các từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp.
diesel vehicle: xe động cơ diesel
melting of the Arctic: tan chảy băng ở Bắc Cực
soot: bồ hóng, bụi than
2 Read the following article about soot pollution. Choose the appropriate heading (a-d) for each paragraph. (Đọc bài viết sau về ô nhiễm bụi than. Chọn nhóm thích hợp (a-d) cho mỗi đoạn.)
a. Soot and global warming (Bụi than và sự nóng lên toàn cầu)
b. The effect of soot on human health (Ảnh hưởng của bụi than đến sức khoẻ con người)
c. The origin of soot (Nguồn gốc của bụi than)
d. Ways to reduce soot emissions (Cách để giảm lượng khí thải bụi than)
Nowadays we know a lot about the link between carbon dioxide (C02) emissions and global warming. However, we seem to be unaware of one very dangerous pollutant, soot also called black carbon.
1.________
Soot comes from the incomplete combustion or coal, oil, wood and other fuels. In other words diesel
engines, vehicle exhaust pipes, farming machines, construction equipment, or simply fires in grills, fireplaces, and stoves are potential sources of soot. It appears in our daily life anc can easily affect every one of us.
2._______
Soot like all black things absorbs sunlight anc heats up the atmosphere. According to recer: research, it is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after C02, and twice as harmfu to the climate. Although black carbon remains in the atmosphere for no more than seven days it is particularly damaging to frozen areas. Soo: emissions might be responsible for the quic*. melting of the Arctic. Controlling black carbon can help to slow down global warming.
3._______
Soot does not only have an impact on globs warming and climate change, but is alsc unhealthy. A soot particle is very tiny - smalle’ than dust and mould, and about 1/30 the width of a human hair. It can easily go into our bloodstream and lungs via the nose and throai As a result, breathing in the tiny particles car cause asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses.
4._______
Large quantities of man-made soot enter the atmosphere every year. The effects are most damaging regionally, especially in South and East Asia, Latin America and parts of Africa. In developing countries, reducing soot emissions can be achieved by replacing traditional stoves with clean, alternative fuel cookers and heaters. Installation of filters to remove black carbon from diesel vehicles can also reduce soot. Changing to electric or hydrogen vehicles will also reduce the impact on the environment.
In conclusion, reducing black carbon will have immediate benefits in slowing down global warming and the melting of the Arctic snow and ice. It would also prevent many soot-related deaths and illnesses.
Đáp án: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d
3 Work in pairs. Complete each of the following sentences with no more than five words. (Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau đây với không nhiều hơn năm từ.)
We know about carbon dioxide and its impact on global warming, but we know little about soot/don’t know much about soot. Chúng tôi biết về carbon dioxide và tác động của nó đối với việc nóng lên toàn cầu, nhưng chúng ta biết rất ít về bụi than / không biết nhiều về bụi than.
Soot comes from the burning of coal, oil, wood, and other fuels. Bụi than đến từ việc đốt than, dầu, gỗ, và các nhiên liệu khác.
Black carbon is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Cacbon đen là khí nhà kính gây tổn hại thứ hai sau khi carbon dioxide.
Soot particles can be easily breathed in because they are smaller than dust and mould/very tiny. phân tử bụi than có thể dễ dàng hít vào người bởi vì chúng nhỏ hơn bụi và nấm mốc / rất nhỏ.
People can reduce black carbon emissions at home by using clean, alternative fuel stoves for cooking and heating. Mọi người có thể làm giảm lượng khí thải carbon đen ở nhà bằng cách sử dụng bếp nhiên liệu sạch thay thế để nấu ăn và sưởi ấm.
4 Discuss with a partner. Are soot emissions a problem in your community or in Viet Nam in general?
Thảo luận với một người bạn. Chất thải bụi than là một vấn đề trong cộng đồng của bạn hay ở Việt Nam nói chung?
SPEAKING
How green are you?
1 Put the following lifestyle choices in the appropriate box.
Set your printer’s default to one-sided printing.
Walk whenever and wherever possible.
Turn off your electric appliances when you do not use them.
Ask your parents to buy you a motorcycle for convenient travelling.
Take short showers instead of long baths.
Ask your parents to get you a new mobile phone immediately after the latest model comes out.
Turn off your computer or put it on sleep mode when you do not use it.
Start growing an organic vegetable garden.
Clean surfaces with natural products like lemon juice and olive oil.
Take part in deforestation and hunting activities.
Hướng dẫn:
Đặt lựa chọn lối sống sau đây vào ô thích hợp.
Green activities:
2 Walk whenever and wherever possible.
3 Turn off your electric appliances when you do not use them.
5 Take short showers instead of long baths.
7 Turn off your computer or put it on sleep mode when you do not use it.
8 Start growing an organic vegetable garden.
9 Clean surfaces with natural products like lemon juice and olive oil.
Environmentally unfriendly activities:
1 Set your printer’s default to one-sided printing.
4 Ask your parents to buy you a motorcycle for convenient travelling.
6 Ask your parents to get you a new mobile phone immediately after the latest model comes out.
10 Take part in deforestation and hunting activities.
2 Work in pairs. Complete the conversation using the lifestyle choices in 1 and the reasons in the box. (Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành cuộc trò chuyện bằng cách sử dụng lựa chọn lối sống trong phần 1 và những lý do trong hộp.)
Gợi ý câu trả lời:
Advertisements (Quảng cáo)
Kevin: Mai, what do you think are green activities at home?
Mai: I’m no expert, but I think that we should take short showers instead of long baths.
Kevin: Can you tell me more about it?
Mai: Well, the main reason for this is to save electricity water and other non-renewable energy resources.
Kevin: I totally agree with you and I think we shouldn’t ask our parents to buy us motorcycles for convenient travelling since it is environmentally unfriendly. Just let me explain. Avoiding using these veh icles wil I help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, which causes global warming and health problems.
Mai: Yes, I totally agree with you. I think everybody should be better aware of green lifestyles that help protect the environment.
3 Work in groups of four. Think of a green activity and discuss how it will benefit the environment. Compare your activity with other groups.
Làm việc trong nhóm bốn người. Hãy nghĩ về một hoạt động xanh và thảo luận nó sẽ có lợi thế nào cho môi trường. So sánh hoạt động của bạn với các nhóm khác.
LISTENING
Go Green Week
1 Work in pairs. Discuss and prepare an action plan for the Go Green Week in your school. In your plan, describe the activities for each day and the reasons for doing them.
Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận và chuẩn bị một kế hoạch hành động cho Tuần Go Green trong trường của bạn. Trong kế hoạch của bạn, mô tả các hoạt động cho mỗi ngày và lý do thực hiện chúng.
2 Listen to a talk show and answer the following questions.
Click tại đây để nghe:
What is the main topic of the talk show?
What is the aim of the Go Green initiative?
What does the mini project involve?
What is the host’s opinion about the project?
Nghe một cuộc trò chuyện và trả lời câu hỏi phía dưới
A secondary school’s Go Green movement in Cam Ranh.
To help their school to go green and save the planet.
Students spare ten minutes during the break time every weekday at school for green activities.
He hopes the project will encourage more people to change their lifestyles and go green.
3 Listen again and decide if the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG). Tick correct box. (Nghe một lần nữa và quyết định xem các nhận định là đúng (T), sai (F), hoặc không xác định (NG). Đánh dấu vào ô thích hợp.)
Click tại đây để nghe:
David and Mai are in the same class. David và Mai học cùng lớp. >NG
The students decided to start the project while they were attending science and technology classes. Các sinh viên đã quyết định bắt đầu dự án trong khi họ đang tham dự các lớp học khoa học và công nghệ. > F
The project has been going on for a week. Dự án đã được tiến hành được 1 tuần rồi. > F
The second-hand electronics will be taken to a recycling centre. Các thiết bị điện tử cũ sẽ được đưa đến một trung tâm tái chế. > T
Students use organic fertilisers. Học sinh sử dụng phân bón hữu cơ. > T
4 Listen again and complete the table. Use more than five words for each blank.
Click tại đây để nghe:
Nghe một lần nữa và hoàn thành bảng. Sử dụng hơn năm chữ cho mỗi khoảng trống.
5 Work in pairs. Discuss what you can do to change your lifestyles and go green.
Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận về những gì bạn có thể làm để thay đổi lối sống của bạn và sống xanh.
WRITING
Advantages and disadvantages of going green
1 Read the incomplete essay about the advantages and disadvantages of green energy. Use the ideas in the following boxes to complete the second and third paragraphs. (Đọc bài luận không đầy đủ về những lợi thế và bất lợi của năng lượng xanh. Sử dụng ý tưởng ở các ô phía dưới để hoàn thành đoạn văn thứ hai và thứ ba.)
|
Using green energy |
|
|
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
|
renewable energy, minimal impact on the environment, low cost of operation |
expensive to build and install, unreliable supply, difficult to generate in large quantities |
Gợi ý trả lời:
One major advantage is that they are renewable - they can be replaced naturally and cannot be seriously depleted. This green energy also reduces the cost of operation. As a type of clean energy, they emit little or no harmful chemical pollutants into the air, so they have a minimal impact on the environment.
While it is easy to see the environmental advantages of using green energy, we must also recognise some of the disadvantages. First, it is difficult to generate the quantities of electricity to satisfy our needs. Although the cost of operation is low, the initial cost of building and installing these new technologies are very high. Another disadvantage of using green energy is the unrealiability of sources.
2 Use the ideas in the following boxes to write an essay of 180-250 words about the advantages and disadvantages of consuming organic food, using the outline of the essay in 1. (Sử dụng ý tưởng trong các hộp sau đây để viết một bài luận của 180-250 từ về những ưu điểm và nhược điểm của tiêu thụ thực phẩm hữu cơ, sử dụng những nét chính của bài luận trong 1.)
|
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
|
health benefits, fewer chemicals, more nutritional, eco-friendly farming methods |
higher prices, difficult to find, seasonal, limited selection, time-consuming |
Gợi ý trả lời:
Nowadays, food safety issues are regarded as one of the most important problems people, especially those in developing countries, have to face. As a result, consumers tend to pay more and more attention to the organic food. Some think it should be widely promoted while others assume it has certain limitation when in use based on its advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, organic food is very clean and safe for people’s health because there are fewer chemicals or pesticide sprayed on it. Consequently, consumers will have more chances to use nutritional foods without any doubt. In addition, farmers use eco-friendly methods to cultivate so they spend fewer expenses on farming and are able to make big profits from selling their products.
In contrast, organic food has its own limitations, particularly for people with certain financial and geographical conditions. Producing organic products takes a lot of time and efforts and depends on many farming conditions such as suitable lands, weather, and farming methods. Accordingly, the price of organic food is quite expensive and buyers have fewer choices in favourite foods.