Cho hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{l}3x + 4,x \le - 1\\3 - 2{x^2},x > - 1\end{array} \right.\)
Tìm các giới hạn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} f\left( x \right),\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} f\left( x \right)\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} f\left( x \right)\)
Sử dụng kiến thức về giới hạn một phía để tính:
- Cho \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ + } f\left( x \right) = L,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ + } g\left( x \right) = M\): \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ + } \left[ {f\left( x \right) \pm g\left( x \right)} \right] = L \pm M\)
- Cho \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ - } f\left( x \right) = L,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ - } g\left( x \right) = M\): \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ - } \left[ {f\left( x \right) \pm g\left( x \right)} \right] = L \pm M\)
- Nếu \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ + } f\left( x \right) = L\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ - } f\left( x \right) = L\) khi và chỉ khi \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} f\left( x \right) = L\)
\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} \left( {3 - 2{x^2}} \right) = 3 - 2.{\left( { - 1} \right)^2} = 1\)
\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} \left( {3x + 4} \right) = 3\left( { - 1} \right) + 4 = 1\)
Vì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} f\left( x \right) = 1\) nên \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} f\left( x \right) = 1\)