Giải các phương trình
a) \({\log _{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {6x + 1} \right) = 4\)
b) \({\log _3}\left( {x + 2} \right) = {\log _3}\left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\)
c) \({\log _2}\left( {x - 5} \right) + {\log _2}\left( {x + 2} \right) = 3\)
d) \(\ln \left( {x - 1} \right) + \ln \left( {2x - 11} \right) = \ln 2\)
\(b = {\log _a}A \Leftrightarrow {\log _a}A = {\log _a}B \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}A > 0\\B > 0\\A = B\end{array} \right.\)
a) ĐK: \(6x + 1 > 0 \Leftrightarrow x > - \frac{1}{6}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\log _{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {6x + 1} \right) = 4\\ \Leftrightarrow {\log _{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {6x + 1} \right) = {\log _{\sqrt 2 }}4\\ \Leftrightarrow 6x + 1 = 4\\ \Leftrightarrow x = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{\rm{TM}}} \right)\end{array}\)
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Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
b) ĐK: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + 2 > 0\\{x^2} - 4 > 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x > - 2\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x > 2\\x 2\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\log _3}\left( {x + 2} \right) = {\log _3}\left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x + 2 = {x^2} - 4\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - x - 6 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 3\left( {{\rm{TM}}} \right)\\x = - 2\left( {\rm{L}} \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 3
c) ĐK: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}2x - 5 > 0\\x + 2 > 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x > \frac{5}{2}\\x > - 2\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x > \frac{5}{2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\log _2}\left( {x - 5} \right) + {\log _2}\left( {x + 2} \right) = 3\\ \Leftrightarrow {\log _2}\left[ {\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)} \right] = 3\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 3x - 10 = 8\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 3x - 18 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 6\left( {{\rm{TM}}} \right)\\x = - 3\left( {\rm{L}} \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 6
d) ĐK: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x - 1 > 0\\2x - 11 > 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x > 1\\x > \frac{{11}}{2}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x > \frac{{11}}{2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\ln \left( {x - 1} \right) + \ln \left( {2x - 11} \right) = \ln 2\\ \Leftrightarrow \ln \left[ {\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {2x - 11} \right)} \right] = \ln 2\\ \Leftrightarrow 2{x^2} - 13x + 11 = 2\\ \Leftrightarrow 2{x^2} - 13x + 9 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x \approx 5,7\\x \approx 0,8\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x \approx 5,7\); \(x \approx 0,8\)