Luyện tập4
Thực hiện phép tính:
\(a)\dfrac{{4{\rm{x}} + 3y}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} - \dfrac{{3{\rm{x}} + 4y}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}}\)
\(b)\dfrac{{2{\rm{x}}y - 3{y^2}}}{{{x^2} - 3{\rm{x}}y}} - \dfrac{x}{{3{\rm{x}} - 9y}}\)
Áp dụng quy tắc trừ hai phân thức cùng mẫu, trừ hai phân thức khác mẫu để thực hiện phép tính.
\(a)\dfrac{{4{\rm{x}} + 3y}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} - \dfrac{{3{\rm{x}} + 4y}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \dfrac{{\left( {{\rm{4x}} + 3y} \right) - \left( {3{\rm{x}} + 4y} \right)}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \dfrac{{4{\rm{x}} + 3y - 3{\rm{x}} - 4y}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \dfrac{{x - y}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \dfrac{{x - y}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x + y} \right)}} = \dfrac{1}{{x + y}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}b)\dfrac{{2{\rm{x}}y - 3{y^2}}}{{{x^2} - 3{\rm{x}}y}} - \dfrac{x}{{3{\rm{x}} - 9y}}\\ = \dfrac{{2{\rm{x}}y - 3{y^2}}}{{x\left( {x - 3y} \right)}} - \dfrac{{{x^2}}}{{3\left( {x - 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{3\left( {2{\rm{x}}y - 3{y^2}} \right)}}{{3{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 3y} \right)}} - \dfrac{{{x^2}}}{{3{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{6{\rm{x}}y - 9{y^2} - {x^2}}}{{3{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{ - \left( {{x^2} - 6{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2}} \right)}}{{3{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{ - {{\left( {x - 3y} \right)}^2}}}{{3{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{ - \left( {x - 3y} \right)}}{{3{\rm{x}}}}\end{array}\)
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Luyện tập5
Tính một cách hợp lí:
\(\dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 9{y^2}}} - \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{3y - 2{\rm{x}}}}\)
Áp dụng phân thức đối để tính hợp lí.
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 9{y^2}}} - \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{3y - 2{\rm{x}}}}\\ = \dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {3y} \right)}^2}}} + \left( { - \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{3y - 2{\rm{x}}}}} \right)\\ = \dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} + \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}}\\ = \dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} + \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{2{\rm{x}} + 3y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2} - 24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 3y}}\end{array}\)