Hãy cho biết các phân tử và ion sau là axit, bazơ hay lưỡng tính theo thuyết Bron – stêt: \(HI,C{H_3}CO{O^ - },{H_2}PO_4^ - ,PO_4^{3 - },N{H_3},{S^{2 - }},HPO_4^{2 - }\) Giải thích.
Axit: \(HI + {H_2}O \to{H_3}O^++ {I^ - }\)
Bazơ: \(C{H_3}CO{O^ - },{S^{2 - }},PO_4^{3 - },N{H_3}\)
\(C{H_3}CO{O^ - } + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} C{H_3}COOH + O{H^ - }\) \(PO_4^{3 - } + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} HPO_4^{2 - } + O{H^ - }\)
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\({S^{2 - }} + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} H{S^ - } + O{H^ - }\) \(N{H_3} + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} NH_4^ + + O{H^ - }\)
Lưỡng tính: \(HPO_4^{2 - },{H_2}PO_4^ - \)
\(HPO_4^{2 - } + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} PO_4^{3 - } + {H_3}{O^ + }\) \(HPO_4^{2 - } + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} {H_2}PO_4^ - + O{H^ - }\)
\({H_2}PO_4^ - + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} HPO_4^{2 - } + {H_3}{O^ + }\) \({H_2}PO_4^ - + {H_2}O \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} {H_3}P{O_4} + O{H^ - }\)