Giải các phương trình lượng giác sau:
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\;\,cos(x + \frac{\pi }{3}) = \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\\b)\;\,cos4x = cos\frac{{5\pi }}{{12}}\\c)\;\,co{s^2}x = 1\end{array}\)
Phương trình \({\rm{cosx}} = m\),
- Nếu \(\left| m \right| \le 1\) thì phương trình vô nghiệm.
- Nếu \(\left| m \right| \le 1\) thì phương trình có nghiệm:
Khi \(\left| m \right| \le 1\)sẽ tồn tại duy nhất \(\alpha \in \left[ {0;\pi } \right]\) thoả mãn \({\rm{cos}}\alpha = m\). Khi đó:
\({\rm{cosx}} = m \Leftrightarrow {\rm{cosx}} = {\rm{cos}}\alpha \) \( \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \alpha + k2\pi \\x = - \alpha + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\;\,cos(x + \frac{\pi }{3}) = \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow cos\left( {x + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = cos\frac{\pi }{6}\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x + \frac{\pi }{3} = \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\x + \frac{\pi }{3} = -\frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = -\frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\x = -\frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}b)\;\,cos4x = cos\frac{{5\pi }}{{12}}\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}4x = \frac{{5\pi }}{{12}} + k2\pi \\4x = -\frac{{5\pi }}{{12}} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{{5\pi }}{{48}} + k\frac{\pi }{2}\\x = -\frac{{5\pi }}{{48}} + k\frac{\pi }{2}\end{array} \right.\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}c)\;\,co{s^2}x = 1\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}cosx = 1\\cosx = -1\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = k2\pi \\x = \pi + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x = k\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\end{array}\)