Hoạt động 3
Từ công thức cộng, hãy tính tổng và hiệu của:
a) \(\cos \left( {\alpha - b} \right)\) và \(\cos \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)\);
b) \(\sin \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right)\)và \(\sin \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)\).
\(\begin{array}{l}\cos \left( {\alpha - b} \right) = \cos \alpha \cos \beta + \sin \alpha sin\beta \\\cos \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right) = \cos \alpha \cos \beta - \sin \alpha sin\beta \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right) = \sin \alpha \cos \beta - \cos \alpha sin\beta \\\sin \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right) = \sin \alpha \cos \beta + \cos \alpha sin\beta \end{array}\)
a,
\(\begin{array}{l}\cos \left( {\alpha - b} \right) + \cos \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)\\ = \cos \alpha \cos \beta + \sin \alpha sin\beta + \cos \alpha \cos \beta - \sin \alpha sin\beta \\ = 2\cos \alpha \cos \beta \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\cos \left( {\alpha - b} \right) - \cos \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)\\ = \cos \alpha \cos \beta + \sin \alpha sin\beta - \cos \alpha \cos \beta + \sin \alpha sin\beta \\ = 2\sin \alpha sin\beta \end{array}\)
b,
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\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right) - \sin \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)\\ = \sin \alpha \cos \beta - \cos \alpha sin\beta - \sin \alpha \cos \beta - \cos \alpha sin\beta \\ = - 2\cos \alpha sin\beta \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right) + \sin \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)\\ = \sin \alpha \cos \beta - \cos \alpha sin\beta + \sin \alpha \cos \beta + \cos \alpha sin\beta \\ = 2\sin \alpha \cos \beta \end{array}\)
Thực hành 3
Tính giá trị của các biểu thức\(\sin \frac{\pi }{{24}}\cos \frac{{5\pi }}{{24}}\) và \(\sin \frac{{7\pi }}{8}\sin \frac{{5\pi }}{8}\)
Áp dụng công thức
\(\begin{array}{l}\cos a\cos b = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {a + b} \right) + \cos \left( {a - b} \right)} \right]\\\sin a\sin b = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {a - b} \right) - \cos \left( {a + b} \right)} \right]\\\sin a\cos b = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\sin \left( {a + b} \right) + \sin \left( {a - b} \right)} \right]\end{array}\)
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \frac{\pi }{{24}}\cos \frac{{5\pi }}{{24}} = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\sin \left( {\frac{\pi }{{24}} + \frac{{5\pi }}{{24}}} \right) + \sin \left( {\frac{\pi }{{24}} - \frac{{5\pi }}{{24}}} \right)} \right]\\ = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\sin \left( {\frac{\pi }{4}} \right) + \sin \left( { - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)} \right]\\ = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} \right] = \frac{{\sqrt 2 - 1}}{4}\end{array}\)
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \frac{{7\pi }}{8}\sin \frac{{5\pi }}{8} = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {\frac{{7\pi }}{8} - \frac{{5\pi }}{8}} \right) - \cos \left( {\frac{{7\pi }}{8} + \frac{{5\pi }}{8}} \right)} \right]\\ = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{4}} \right) - \cos \left( {\frac{{3\pi }}{2}} \right)} \right]\\ = \frac{1}{2}.\left( {\frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} + 0} \right) = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}\end{array}\)