Rút gọn biểu thức:
a) \(2\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x + y} \right) + {\left( {x + y} \right)^2} + {\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\);
b) \({\left( {x - y - z} \right)^2} - {\left( {x - y} \right)^2} + 2\left( {x - y} \right)z\).
Sử dụng các hằng đẳng thức
\({\left( {a + b} \right)^2} = {a^2} + 2ab + {b^2}\).
\({\left( {a - b} \right)^2} = {a^2} - 2ab + {b^2}\).
\({a^2} - {b^2} = \left( {a + b} \right)\left( {a - b} \right)\).
a) \(2\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x + y} \right) + {\left( {x + y} \right)^2} + {\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)
\( = 2\left( {{x^2} - {y^2}} \right) + {x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} + {x^2} - 2xy + {y^2}\)
\( = 2{x^2} - 2{y^2} + {x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} + {x^2} - 2xy + {y^2}\)
\( = \left( {2{x^2} + {x^2} + {x^2}} \right) + \left( { - 2{y^2} + {y^2} + {y^2}} \right) + \left( {2xy - 2xy} \right)\)
\(= 4{x^2}\).
b) \({\left( {x - y - z} \right)^2} - {\left( {x - y} \right)^2} + 2\left( {x - y} \right)z\)
\( = \left( {x - y - z + x - y} \right)\left( {x - y - z - x + y} \right) + 2\left( {x - y} \right)z\)
\( = \left( {2x - 2y - z} \right)\left( { - z} \right) + 2\left( {x - y} \right)z\)
\( = z\left[ { - \left( {2x - 2y - z} \right) + 2\left( {x - y} \right)} \right]\)
\( = z\left[ { - 2x + 2y + z + 2x - 2y} \right] = z.z = {z^2}\)