Bài 51 trang 58 sgk Toán 8 tập 1, Làm các phép tính sau:...

Làm các phép tính sau:

a) $\left( {{{{x^2}} \over {{y^2}}} + {y \over x}} \right):\left( {{x \over {{y^2}}} - {1 \over y} + {1 \over x}} \right);$

b) $\left( {{1 \over {{x^2} + 4x + 4}} - {1 \over {{x^2} - 4x + 4}}} \right):\left( {{1 \over {x + 2}} + {1 \over {x - 2}}} \right)$

Hướng dẫn làm bài:

a) $\left( {{{{x^2}} \over {{y^2}}} + {y \over x}} \right):\left( {{x \over {{y^2}}} - {1 \over y} + {1 \over x}} \right) = {{{x^2}.x + y.{y^2}} \over {x{y^2}}}:{{x{y^2}} \over {{x^2} - xy + {y^2}}}$

$= {{{x^3} + {y^3}} \over {x{y^2}}}:{{{x^2} - xy + {y^2}} \over {x{y^2}}} = {{{x^3} + {y^3}} \over {x{y^2}}}.{{x{y^2}} \over {{x^2} - xy + {y^2}}}$

$= {{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {{x^2} - xy + {y^2}} \right)x{y^2}} \over {x{y^2}\left( {{x^2} - xy + {y^2}} \right)}} = x + y$

b) $\left( {{1 \over {{x^2} + 4x + 4}} - {1 \over {{x^2} - 4x + 4}}} \right):\left( {{1 \over {x + 2}} + {1 \over {x - 2}}} \right)$

$= \left[ {{1 \over {{{\left( {x + 2} \right)}^2}}} - {1 \over {{{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}} \right]:{{x - 2 + x + 2} \over {\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)}}$

$= {{{{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {x + 2} \right)}^2}} \over {{{\left( {x + 2} \right)}^2}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}.{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)} \over {2x}}$

$= {{\left( {{x^2} - 4x + 4 - {x^2} - 4x - 4} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)} \over {2x{{(x + 2)}^2}{{(x - 2)}^2}}}$

$= {{ - 8x} \over {2x{{(x + 2)}^2}{{(x - 2)}^2}}} = {4 \over {{{(x + 2)}^2}{{(x - 2)}^2}}}$